Content integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency (validity) of content over its lifecycle in Swarm storage. Integrity can be lost at various levels:
Human error or tampering
Transfer errors, including unintended alterations or data compromise going to or from storage
Cyber threats (bugs, viruses/malware, hacking)
Compromised hardware, such as a device or disk crash
Physical compromise to devices
Best practices for content integrity include multiple approaches:
Input validation, to preclude the entering of invalid data
Error detection/data validation, to identify errors in data transmission
Security measures, such as access control and data encryption